Everything about Buhen totally explained
Buhen was an
ancient Egyptian settlement situated below the
Second Cataract. It is well known for its
fortress, probably constructed during the rule of
Senusret III, around the year 1860 BC (
12th dynasty). The site may have been first established as an outpost in
Nubia during the reign of
Sneferu (
4th dynasty).
Graffiti and other inscribed items from the site show that the Egyptians stayed about 200 years, until late in the
5th dynasty, when they were probably forced out by immigration from the south.
Senusret III conducted four campaigns into
Kush and established a line of forts within signalling distance of one another; Buhen was the northernmost of these. The other forts along the banks were
Mirgissa,
Shalfak,
Uronarti,
Askut,
Dabenarti,
Semna, and
Kumma. The Kushites captured Buhen during the
13th dynasty, and held it until
Ahmose I recaptured it at the beginning of the
18th dynasty. It was stormed and recaptured by indigenous forces at the end of Egypt's
20th dynasty.
The fortress itself extended more than 150
metres along the West bank of the Nile. It covered 13,000 square
metres, and had within its wall a small town laid out in a grid system. At its peak it probably had a population of around 3500 people. The fortress also included the administration for the whole fortified region of the Second Cataract. Its fortifications included a moat three metres deep,
drawbridges,
bastions,
buttresses,
ramparts,
battlements,
loopholes, and a
catapult. The walls of the fort were about five metres thick and ten metres high.
The fortress at Buhen today has been covered by
Lake Nasser created by the
Aswan Dam in 1964. Before the site was covered with water, the site was excavated by a team led by
Walter B. Emery.
Buhen also boasted a temple of
Horus built by
Hatshepsut, which was moved to
Khartoum prior to the flooding of Lake Nasser.
Further Information
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